Separating Local & Shuffled Differential Privacy via Histograms

Abstract:

Recent work in differential privacy has highlighted the shuffled model as a promising avenue to compute accurate statistics while keeping raw data in users’ hands. We present a protocol in this model that estimates histograms with error independent of the domain size. This impliesan arbitrarily large gap in sample complexity between the shuffled and local models. On theother hand, we show that the models are equivalent when we impose the constraints of pure differential privacy and single-message randomizers.